This program simulates sampling and prevalence estimation for a specified (design) prevalence value and level of confidence. The program runs multiple iterations of sampling, pooling and testing from an infinite population with the specified prevalence, estimates true prevalence assuming a prefect test (using Method 2) for each iteration and calculates the mean prevalence and estimated bias across all iterations. It assumes fixed pool sizes and a test with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Values for the true sensitivity and specificity that are different to the assumed values of 100% can also be entered if desired, to check the importance of the assumption of a perfect test.
For this analysis, six alternative pooling strategies were evaluated for the estimation of prevalence in a population with an assumed true prevalence of 0.14 (14%). Pool sizes and numbers of pools were previously estimated to provide 95% confidence of estimating a true prevalence of 0.14 with a precision of 0.055 (see sample size examples). This is equivalent to the observed prevalence and precision when 162 samples from little red flying foxes in Queensland were tested individually, with 22 positive results (H. Field, pers com). The true sensitivity and specificity of the test were both assumed to be 1 (100%), equal to the assumed values for prevalence estimation. Input values, pooling strategies and results are summarised in the tables below.
Entrada | Valor |
---|---|
Método | Tamaño de grupo fijo y conocido Se y Sp |
Predominio asumido | 0.14 |
Supuesta sensibilidad | 1 |
Especificidad asumida | 1 |
Sensibilidad verdadera | 1 |
Verdadera Especificidad | 1 |
Confianza | 0.95 |
Número de estrategias | 6 |
Número de iteraciones | 1000 |
Estrategia | Tamaño de la piscina | Número de piscinas |
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 83 |
2 | 3 | 60 |
3 | 4 | 49 |
4 | 5 | 42 |
5 | 10 | 33 |
6 | 20 | 46 |
Estrategia | Prevalencia media | Prevalencia mínima | Máxima prevalencia | Sesgo medio | Anchura media de CI | Error estándar medio | Error cuadrático medio | Bias / AP | Bias / TP | Bias / MSE | Proporción válida |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.14101 | 0.06862 | 0.23165 | 0.00101 | 0.11593 | 0.02794 | 0.00079 | 0.00719 | 0.00724 | 0.0013 | 0.968 |
2 | 0.14017 | 0.06528 | 0.22434 | 0.00017 | 0.1161 | 0.02787 | 0.00079 | 0.00124 | 0.00124 | 4e-05 | 0.96 |
3 | 0.14037 | 0.06782 | 0.25617 | 0.00037 | 0.11666 | 0.02789 | 0.00079 | 0.0026 | 0.00261 | 0.00017 | 0.967 |
4 | 0.14123 | 0.06508 | 0.23506 | 0.00123 | 0.11878 | 0.02826 | 0.00081 | 0.00872 | 0.0088 | 0.00187 | 0.965 |
5 | 0.14534 | 0.06983 | 1 | 0.00534 | 0.12772 | 0.02923 | 0.00092 | 0.03671 | 0.03811 | 0.03097 | 0.972 |
6 | 0.23773 | 0.08374 | 1 | 0.09773 | 0.22332 | 0.02911 | 0.01046 | 0.41109 | 0.69804 | 0.91322 | 0.974 |